When using Telegram, the article “target=”_blank” > article “target=”_blank” > managing multiple accounts may improve communication efficiency and protect users’ privacy, especially in communication and work scenarios. The following explores some strategies and skills on how to effectively manage multiple accounts.according to telegram下载 Industry veterans said that its development will still be in a good situation. https://cytafex.com/

　　How to switch and manage multiple Telegram accounts?

　　How to ensure the security of each account” target=_blank> article “target=”_blank” > security?

　　What applications can help me manage or back up my Telegram account?

　　solution

　　Switch and manage multiple Telegram accounts

　　Step 1: Install the application

　　Choose an application that supports multiple accounts of Telegram, such as the official application of Telegram or the Chinese version of paper airplane. If you use a mobile phone, download the application directly from the app store.

　　For Android users, visit Google Play Store and search for “Telegram”.

　　For iOS users, go to the App Store and search for “Telegram download”.

　　Make sure to download the official version to avoid potential security threats.

　　Step 2: Add multiple accounts

　　After opening the application, go to Settings, find the “Account” option, and click “Add Account”.

　　Enter the mobile phone number according to the program prompt to get the verification code.

　　After verification, your new account will be automatically generated.

　　Step 3: Switch accounts

　　In the application main interface, find the account switching button and select the account you want to use.

　　Touch the avatar or user name, and select the account to switch from the drop-down menu that appears.

　　The message notification of each account will be displayed separately, so that you can only pay attention to the communication you want at present.

　　Ensure the security of each account.

　　Step 1: Set up two-step verification

　　In order to ensure the security of the account, it is a necessary measure to start two-step verification. Find “Privacy and Security” in the settings and click “Enable” for two-step verification.

　　The system requires you to set a strong password and bind a recovery mobile phone number.

　　In this way, even if the password is leaked, unauthenticated devices cannot access your account.

　　Step 2: Monitor login activity

　　Check the active sessions regularly in the settings to ensure that there is no unauthorized device access.

　　Check the login time and location of each device.

　　In case of abnormal activity, you can immediately choose to log off one of the devices.

　　Step 3: Use secure communication tools.

　　Use multi-layer encrypted Telegram to communicate. At the same time, keep the application updated and ensure that you are using the latest security technology.

　　Visit the App Store regularly to check for updates.

　　Take the time to learn about the latest security bulletins and protect your data.

　　Use management tools or backup applications

　　Step 1: Find the right tool

　　Download some third-party tools to help you manage and back up multiple Telegram accounts, so as to recover information at any time.

　　These tools can help you better manage your files and chat history.

　　Applications such as Telegram Chinese backup tools can save chat records professionally.

　　Step 2: Back up chat records frequently.

　　Go to Settings, find the “Chat” option, and back up your important chats with Telegram regularly.

　　Select the frequency of backup, such as daily, weekly, etc.

　　Ensure that the backup is stored in the cloud or an external storage device.

　　Step 3: Manage files

　　Use special file management tools to classify and store the information in Telegram, and keep the files clean and orderly.

　　Create folders to manage work and personal chat files.

　　Clean up unnecessary documents regularly to keep the space clear.

　　Effectively managing multiple Telegram accounts can improve the efficiency of work and life. By installing appropriate applications, setting security measures and using management tools, users can improve their experience and ensure safety and privacy. Back up chat records regularly and use secure communication tools to ensure that the data you send and receive will not be lost. I hope that through the above discussion and skills, you can better manage your Telegram account and enjoy a safer and more convenient way of communication. These steps not only help to manage multiple accounts, but also increase the attention to information security and promote good usage habits.

　　Application process of RTK radio network modeMore importantly, put RF Module It is imperative for us to make thorough analysis and maximize its social function. https://www.hkulike.com/

　　1, instrument erection

　　Complete the hardware erection and configuration of the reference station and mobile station, and build the hardware environment for the operation.

　　2. New projects

　　Create engineering, configure basic information such as parameters and coordinates, and complete the data foundation needed for the operation.

　　3. Find the conversion parameters

　　Match the plane coordinates required by the project with the default latitude and longitude coordinates, and directly obtain the required target reference frame coordinates in the operation. /4, single point correction

　　Input the known plane coordinates of the measuring point and correct the parameter differences between different coordinate systems. (It can be skipped after parameter calculation, but it needs to be corrected every time the base station restarts.)

　　4. Check the known points

　　Measure at known points to confirm whether the parameter transformation between different coordinate systems is accurate and effective.

　　5, measurement and lofting

　　Carry out survey or lofting operations in the operation area to obtain the target results.

　　6. Data export

　　Export data from the notebook and copy it to the computer for office processing.

　　Use process of RTK radio mode

　　1, the erection of reference stations

　　Load the battery and turn it on.

　　Open the project star in the notebook and connect to the host through the Bluetooth Manager.

　　Use “Host Settings” to set the host as “base station” and the host data link as “radio station”, set the corresponding radio channel, select the appropriate data format (such as RTCM32) in “Reference Station Settings”, and click “Start the base station” after obtaining the coordinates of the base station.

　　When the data light flashes every second, it indicates that the reference station has been started successfully.

　　2. Set up the mobile station

　　Similar to the reference station, the host is set as “mobile station” and the host data link is set as “radio station”, and the radio channel corresponding to the reference station is set.

　　When the data light of the mobile station flashes every second and reaches a fixed solution, it indicates that the mobile station is working normally.

　　3. Parameter setting

　　New Project: After the solution status is fixed, click “Project” and “New Project” and enter the project name.

　　Antenna Height Setting: Click “Configuration” and “Engineering Settings” and enter the correct antenna height.

　　Coordinate System Settings: Click Configure, Coordinate System Settings and Add, and enter the name of the parameter system (set at will). Select the ellipsoid name as required, and enter the actual local central meridian, and use the default values for other parameters.

　　4. Find the conversion parameters

　　Click “Measure” and “Point Measure” to collect the coordinate information of two known points A1 and A2 in turn.

　　Click “Input”, “Calculation of Conversion Parameters” and “Add”, input the known plane coordinates of point A1, “OK” and “Select a point from the coordinate management library”, select the newly measured point A1, then complete the entry of point A2 in the same way, click “Save”, enter a user-defined file name, and click “Apply” after checking that the horizontal and elevation accuracy are correct, and then assign the parameter values to the current project.

　　After the conversion is completed, the information of the third known point A3 is collected for verification.

　　5, single point correction

　　Every time the reference station is restarted, the mobile station should make a single point correction.

　　Click “Input”, “Calibration Wizard” and “Reference Station Erected at Unknown Point” to erect the mobile station at a known control point. Enter the known plane coordinates and pole height of the mobile station, click “Calibration” and “OK” after the bubble is centered, and the calibration work is completed. After the calibration is completed, it should be checked at another known control point.

　　6. Measure

　　After completing the above steps, point measurement and lofting can be carried out.

　　Application process of RTK radio network mode

　　1, the erection of reference stations

　　Insert the SIM card, load the battery, and start the machine.

　　Open the project star in the notebook and connect to the host through the Bluetooth Manager.

　　Use “Host Settings” to set the host as “base station” and the host data link as “network”.

　　Set the network mode. Customize “Host Settings”, “Network Settings”, “Add” and “Name”, select EAGLE for “Mode”, GPGGA/CDMA for “Connection”, fill in cmnet for “APN”, enter the IP address and corresponding port, set the user name and password, and generally set the access point as the base station host body number to facilitate identification and prevent duplication. Click “OK” after setting.

　　Select an appropriate data format (such as RTCM32) in “Reference Station Settings”, click “Start Base Station” after obtaining the coordinates of the base station, and when the data light flashes every second, it indicates that the reference station has been started successfully.

　　2. Set up the mobile station

　　In a way similar to the base station, set the host as a mobile station and the data link of the host as a network. According to the setting of the base station, select “NTRIP-UDS” as the Mode, enter the corresponding IP address, port, user name, password and access point, and click “OK” and “Connect” until the GPGGA data is successfully uploaded.

　　When the data light of the mobile station flashes every second and reaches a fixed solution, it indicates that the mobile station is working normally.

　　3. Parameter setting

　　New Project: After the solution status is fixed, click “Project” and “New Project” and enter the project name.

　　Antenna Height Setting: Click “Configuration” and “Engineering Settings” and enter the correct antenna height.

　　Coordinate System Settings: Click Configure, Coordinate System Settings and Add, and enter the name of the parameter system (set at will). Select the ellipsoid name as required, and enter the actual local central meridian, and use the default values for other parameters.

　　4. Find the conversion parameters

　　Click “Measure” and “Point Measure” to collect the coordinate information of two known points A1 and A2 in turn.

　　Click “Input”, “Calculation of Conversion Parameters” and “Add”, input the known plane coordinates of point A1, “OK” and “Select a point from the coordinate management library”, select the newly measured point A1, then complete the entry of point A2 in the same way, click “Save”, enter a user-defined file name, and click “Apply” after checking that the horizontal and elevation accuracy are correct, and then assign the parameter values to the current project.

　　After the conversion is completed, the information of the third known point A3 is collected for verification.

　　5, single point correction

　　Every time the reference station is restarted, the mobile station should make a single point correction.

　　Click “Input”, “Calibration Wizard” and “Reference Station Erected at Unknown Point” to erect the mobile station at a known control point. Enter the known plane coordinates and pole height of the mobile station, click “Calibration” and “OK” after the bubble is centered, and the calibration work is completed. After the calibration is completed, it should be checked at another known control point.

　　6. Measure

　　After completing the above steps, RTK radio station can carry out point measurement and lofting.

　　With the popularity of social applications, how to register telegraph account safely and conveniently has become a hot topic. Many people want to use this platform on different devices, but they are worried about privacy leakage and account security. The following contents will analyze the article “target=”_blank” > account registration in detail and provide solutions.However, in other words, we should know more about it. 电报 The law of development has brought new vitality to the whole industry and revitalized the market. https://cytafex.com/

　　relevant issues

　　How to log in safely on a new device” target=_blank> article “target=”_blank” > how to log in safely to a telegraph account?

　　How to ensure that my cable account is not stolen?

　　What should I pay attention to when registering a telegraph account?

　　Solution scheme

　　Secure login to your telegraph account.

　　When logging in the telegraph account on the new equipment, ensure the safety of operation.

　　Step 1: Download the telegraph application

　　Choose a secure source to download the telegraph application. For example, you can visit the application download official website to ensure the authenticity of the downloaded installation package. After downloading, open the application.

　　Make sure you are using the latest version and avoid installing programs that are not updated.

　　Use your mobile phone or official website to download the installation package, and avoid downloading it through a third party to prevent the influence of malicious software.

　　Step 2: Enter the mobile phone number.

　　In the open telegraph application, select “Start” and enter your mobile phone number.

　　After entering the number, follow the prompts to receive the SMS verification code.

　　Enter the verification code to confirm your identity. Please note that the number should only be used by trusted devices.

　　Step 3: Set the security code.

　　Set the security code immediately after successful login.

　　Go to the Settings option and click Privacy & Security.

　　Here, you can set up two-step verification to increase the security of your account. You might as well choose a complicated and hard-to-guess password.

　　Protect your telegraph account.

　　In order to avoid account theft, some preventive measures should be taken.

　　Step 1: Change the password regularly.

　　Change the privacy and security settings of the telegraph account at regular intervals.

　　Go to Settings and find the Privacy and Security option.

　　In Password and Security, adjust your password to ensure that there is no risk of disclosure.

　　Step 2: Enable two-step authentication

　　Enabling two-step verification is an effective way to prevent account theft.

　　Go to Settings and find the “Double Authentication” option.

　　After setting, you need to enter the backup verification code every time you log in, which will significantly enhance security.

　　Step 3: Monitor the login session.

　　Regularly check the login status of currently active devices.

　　In Settings, view Active Sessions.

　　If you find a strange device, choose to quit in time.

　　Matters needing attention when registering telegraph account

　　When registering a telegraph account, keep in mind some basic precautions to ensure a smooth and safe registration process.

　　Step 1: Use the real mobile phone number.

　　When entering the mobile phone number, you should ensure that the number is true and valid.

　　Avoid using false numbers, so that it can be proved when the account is restored.

　　It is recommended to bind your mobile phone number with the telegraph account to avoid others replacing it without authorization.

　　Step 2: Select the appropriate user name.

　　When registering, you will be asked to choose a user name, and choose one that you like and remember easily.

　　User names cannot be duplicated with other social platforms to avoid confusion.

　　Check the user agreement to understand the information usage policy.

　　Step 3: define privacy settings” target=_blank> article “target=”_blank” > privacy settings.

　　Make sure to set privacy options directly after registration.

　　When entering your personal information, you should read the privacy policy to ensure the information security.

　　In privacy settings, for example, choose who can see your phone number to ensure security.

　　Security management of telegraph accounts requires certain security awareness and operational skills. Updating passwords regularly, enabling two-factor authentication and keeping devices secure are key. I hope the above contents can help you to register your cable account more smoothly and safely.

　　Whether it is telegrams or other social software, protecting personal information is the focus that every user should pay attention to after all. Come and start your telegraph journey, enjoy the convenience of communication, find the free telegraph resources you are most concerned about, download telegraph-related applications and enjoy seamless connection.

　　With the increasing popularity of digital communication, the article “target=”_blank” > privacy and data security “target=”_blank” > data security is particularly important. For users who use the article “target=”_blank” > telegram, how to retrieve the information and privacy in the account after the account is deleted is particularly critical. The following are some effective methods and measures.consequently telegram下载 I also got a lot of attention and wanted to join the ranks. https://cytafex.com/

　　Related questions:

　　After deleting the cable account, I can resume the article “target=”_blank” > resume?

　　How to ensure the security of information when deleting an account?

　　What is the impact on privacy after deleting the telegraph account?

　　On the possibility of recovery of telegraph account

　　When users unfortunately delete their telegraph accounts, they may be worried about whether they can retrieve the previously stored information. The telegraph account will be retained within 59 days after deletion, during which the user can choose to restore it.

　　1.1 Understand the impact of account deletion

　　After deleting the account, the user’s chat history with others, group membership and personal data will be deleted. Although the telegram will retain some data of the account after deletion, the data will not be completely cleared before the account is officially deleted.

　　1.2 conditions for recovery

　　Within 59 days, if users want to restore their accounts, they need to re-use their previous mobile phone numbers to log in. After logging in, the system will prompt the user whether to restore the previous data. This process requires the mobile phone to receive SMS verification code many times to ensure the authenticity of the identity.

　　1.3 Precautions

　　When choosing to restore the deleted account, users will back up important chat records and materials for emergencies. Users can also use the Chinese version of the telegram to obtain convenient information. For more official support and information about telegrams, please visit some online platforms for the latest developments and guidance.

　　Measures to ensure information security

　　In order to protect the privacy and safety of users, it is necessary to take preventive measures. The following are some effective measures to avoid data leakage.

　　2.1 Use strong passwords

　　When registering a telegraph account, make sure to set a complex and unique password, which not only helps to protect the account, but also reduces the risk of being cracked. Using password management tools to help remember multiple passwords is a preferred solution.

　　2.2 Open two-step verification

　　To achieve account security, you can enable two-step verification. When users log in for the first time, they need to enter not only the password, but also the verification code sent to their registration number. This further strengthens the protection of accounts, especially in the case of lost equipment.

　　2.3 Check privacy settings regularly.

　　Users should always check their privacy settings to ensure the security of account information. For example, restricting strangers’ access to personal data and chat records can effectively protect users’ information on telegrams.

　　Privacy impact after account deletion

　　If the user chooses to delete his telegraph account, the privacy will be obviously affected.

　　3.1 Loss of privacy rights

　　Deleting the account will make it impossible for users to access their information on the platform, including messages, photos and any shared files. It is very important to note this.

　　3.2 Limitations of data cleaning

　　Although the telegram will retain some data after the user deletes the account, some chat records and information may still appear on the receiver’s device. Therefore, completely deleting information does not mean that information is deleted on all devices.

　　3.3 Users should bear their own risks.

　　Before deleting the account, the user stores important information by himself. Some application downloads and third-party applications can be used to back up these materials so that they can be restored when needed.

　　step

　　Through the above measures, users can better understand the deletion process and information recovery strategy of telegraph accounts. Being vigilant and taking appropriate security measures can effectively protect users’ privacy. For more information about telegrams, you can visit the relevant websites at any time.

　　When deleting the telegraph account, users should consider the possibility of subsequent recovery and privacy risks. Taking necessary precautions, setting a strong password and starting two-step verification are important steps to ensure security. At the same time, check the privacy settings regularly to prevent unknown risks. Users can learn more about the details and help in this process by using the Chinese version of the telegram and accessing relevant materials. It is believed that through this information, users can make full use of the functions and conveniences of telegrams while maintaining communication security.

　　The most basic usage of GPRS DTU is: put a SIM card with GPRS function in DTU, after DTU is powered on, first register to GPRS network, and then establish connection with data processing center through GPRS network. After the GPRS DTU is powered on, first read the working parameters saved in the internal FLASH (including GPRS dialing parameters, serial baud rate, IP address of data center, etc., which have been configured in advance).In order to grow rapidly, radio Module Do not hesitate to change the strategy and rearrange the products, so as to obtain unexpected results. https://www.hkulike.com/

　　GPRS DTU logs into GSM network, and then dials GPRS PPP. After successful dialing, GPRS DTU will get an internal IP address randomly assigned by Mobile. That is to say, GPRS DTU is in the mobile intranet, and its intranet IP address is usually not fixed and changes with each dial. We can understand that GPRS DTU is a mobile device in the internal LAN, and it communicates with the external Internet public network through the mobile gateway. This is similar to the way that computers in a local area network access external networks through gateways.

　　GPRS DTU actively initiates communication connection with data center, and keeps communication connection always existing. Because GPRS DTU is in the mobile intranet and the IP address is not fixed. Therefore, only GPRS DTU can actively connect to the data center, but not the data center. This requires the data center to have a fixed public IP address or a fixed domain name. The public IP address or fixed domain name of the data center is stored as a parameter in the GPRS DTU, so that once the GPRS DTU is powered on and dialed successfully, it can actively connect to the data center.

　　Specifically, GPRS DTU sends TCP or UDP communication requests to the data center through the IP address and port number of the data center. After receiving the response from the center, GPRS DTU thinks that the handshake with the center is successful, and then keeps this communication connection. If the communication connection is interrupted, GPRS DTU will immediately shake hands with the center again.

　　Since the TCP/UDP communication connection has been established, two-way data communication can be carried out.

　　For DTU, as long as the two-way communication with the data center is established, it is relatively simple to complete the conversion between user serial data and GPRS network data packets. Once receiving the user’s serial data, DTU immediately encapsulates the serial data in a TCP/UDP packet and sends it to the data center. Conversely, when DTU receives the TCP/UDP packet from the data center, it takes out the data content and immediately sends it to the user equipment through the serial port.

　　Through the wired data acquisition center, it communicates with many GPRS DTU in two directions at the same time. This is the most commonly used way in GPRS DTU application system at present.

　　With the popularity of social platforms and instant messaging tools, the article “target=”_blank” > telegraph, as an open communication tool, is increasingly loved by users. While enjoying its convenience, users may face some problems, especially when seeking a secure and stable connection. The article “target=”_blank” > The use of proxy account has become an important topic. This article will help you understand how to obtain and manage telegraph agency accounts.At first, telegram中文 It developed out of control and gradually opened up a sky of its own. https://cytafex.com/

　　Related questions:

　　How to choose the right telegraph agent account?

　　How to improve the privacy and security of telegraph proxy account?

　　What are the common problems when using telegraph proxy account?

　　Step 1: Select the appropriate telegraph agent account.

　　Determine the demand. It is very important to know your needs before choosing a telegraph agent account. If it is only used for daily chat, ordinary agents can meet the demand; If privacy needs to be protected in a sensitive environment, it is more suitable to choose a proxy with high anonymity.

　　Common requirements include improving access speed, bypassing geographical restrictions, and enhancing privacy. Different proxy types (such as SOCKS5, HTTP, HTTPS) have different characteristics.

　　For users who are looking for speed, it is recommended to use SOCKS5 agent, whose performance is excellent when dealing with a large amount of data.

　　Find a reliable agent provider. After investigation and study, it is the key to choose a reputable agent service provider. The quality of agency service can be evaluated by user feedback and website evaluation.

　　Many service providers offer probation periods so that users can experience the quality of service and take advantage of these opportunities to test.

　　Some well-known software platforms (such as application download) often recommend excellent agent purchase channels.

　　Purchase an agent account. After choosing a suitable agent provider, you can make a purchase according to the steps provided by it.

　　Enter the required service plan on the purchase website and follow the prompts to complete the payment. Most platforms support multiple payment methods.

　　After purchase, you will receive the agent account number, password and other necessary information.

　　Step 2: Set the telegraph proxy account.

　　Open the telegraph application. Make sure that the latest version of the telegram is installed on your mobile phone, tablet or PC.

　　For PC users, you can go to Telegraph official website to download the article “target=”_blank” > to download the latest version, and try to avoid using outdated versions of applications.

　　If you need to use an agent, you will usually choose the Chinese version of the telegram or the Chinese version of the paper plane.

　　Enter the setting interface. After opening the telegram, click the menu button in the upper left corner, and then select “Settings”.

　　Find the “Data and Storage” option in the setting interface, and click Enter.

　　Locate “Agent Settings” and select “Add Agent”.

　　Enter the agent information. Enter the proxy address, port, user name and password obtained from the proxy provider in the pop-up dialog box.

　　Note: Make sure that the information is correct. Any error will cause the agent to fail to connect normally.

　　When finished, click “Save”. Whether the information read is accurate or not can be verified by refreshing the page.

　　Step 3: Test and optimize the proxy connection.

　　Test the proxy connection. Once the settings are successful, you can select a chat window and try to send a message to verify whether the proxy connection is smooth.

　　During use, observe the status of message sending. If there is an error prompt, check whether the information just entered is accurate.

　　You can further test the stability of the connection by watching videos or participating in voice chat.

　　Optimize the connection settings. According to your own experience, you can consider trying different proxy settings.

　　In some cases, changing the proxy type (such as changing from HTTP to SOCKS5) will bring faster connection speed.

　　If there is frequent disconnection during use, try to change a different agent or contact the agent provider.

　　Record the use experience. In the long run, write down which agents perform well and which are unstable, so that you can refer to these data when choosing.

　　Update the proxy information regularly to ensure that you can continue to enjoy better connection effect.

　　Sharing your experience with other telegraph users can not only speed up your personal learning process, but also help others find solutions.

　　In the process of using the telegraph proxy account, it is very important to choose the appropriate proxy, set the correct settings and test the connection. With the constantly updated demand and technology, keeping learning and adapting is the key to effectively use the autumn service. With the convenience provided by the agent, users can communicate and exchange information with greater peace of mind. For users who are keen on telegrams, try different proxy schemes to improve privacy and experience. In the process of using telegrams, make sure that you download all the telegraphic application versions of regular channels, enjoy smooth service, and at the same time protect your own information security.

　　The JZX811A/B ad hoc network module of Techno Core adopts LoRa spread spectrum technology, and its working frequency is integrated with 433MHZ and 490MHZ. Simply setting the channel can complete the conversion of working frequency, which greatly meets the requirements of various application environments and improves the anti-interference ability of the communication system.From the demand side, Wireless Module More in line with the psychological expectations of consumers, willing to pay for the things they like. https://www.hkulike.com/

　　Ad hoc network is a planar peer-to-peer mesh network, and each node in the network can be used as a routing node and a target node. The communication module adopts the company’s self-organizing network protocol, making full use of the redundant routing in the network, and each node has multiple backup paths besides the main path; The network has good self-healing. When the access link between a node and the center fails, the center can automatically start the path repair function of the node.

　　The JZX811 networking network is composed of a coordinator JZX811B(Coordinator) and several nodes JZX811A(Router), and its system structure is shown in the following figure:

　　Technical indicators of JZX811A/B module of Techno Core:

　　1. modulation mode: LoRa;

　　2. Working frequency: 433 MHz/490 MHz;

　　3. Transmitting power: 50mW (17dB);

　　4. Receiving sensitivity:-139 DBM;

　　5. Emission current: 150mA;

　　6. Receiving current: 15mA;

　　7. Dormant current: JZX811A6uA; JZX811B has no dormancy;

　　8. Channel rate: 200/300/600/1200/2400/4800/9600/19200 bit/s;

　　9. Serial port speed: 1200/2400/4800/9600/19200 bit/s;

　　10. Interface type: TTL, RS232, RS485;

　　11. Interface data format: 8E1/8N1/8O1 can be customized by users;

　　12. Working power supply: DC 3.3~5.5V;

　　13. Working temperature:-20≧ ~ 75≧;

　　14. Working humidity: 10% ~ 90% relative humidity, no condensation;

　　15. Maximum number of bytes per packet: 230 bytes;

　　16. Maximum routing level: level 5.

　　1. List of questions and alliance answers for operators to deploy NB-IoTMore importantly, put RF Module It is imperative for us to make thorough analysis and maximize its social function. https://www.hkulike.com/

　　How is the network architecture of NB-IoT composed?

　　Building vertical industry application of Internet of Things based on NB-IoT technology will tend to be simpler and the division of labor will be clearer.

　　How do domestic and foreign operators divide the frequency bands of NB-IoT?

　　Most operators in the world use the 900MHz frequency band to deploy NB-IoT, and some operators deploy it in the 800MHz frequency band. China Unicom’s NB-IoT is deployed in 900MHz and 1800MHz frequency bands, and only 900MHz can be tested at present. In order to build the NB-IoT Internet of Things, China Mobile will obtain the FDD license and allow the existing 900MHz and 1800MHz frequency bands to be re-cultivated. China Telecom’s NB-IoT is deployed in the 800MHz band, with a frequency of only 5MHz.

　　NB-IoT network deployment schedule?

　　In 2016, China Unicom launched NB-IoT field-scale networking tests based on 900MHz and 1800MHz in seven cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Fuzhou, Changsha and Yinchuan), as well as more than six business application demonstrations. In 2018, the commercial deployment of NB-IoT will be fully promoted nationwide. China Mobile plans to start the commercialization of NB-IoT in 2017. China Telecom plans to deploy NB-IoT network in the first half of 2017. Huawei and six operators (China Unicom, China Mobile, Vodafone, Emirates Telecom, Telefonica and Italia Telecom) set up six NB-IoT open laboratories around the world, focusing on NB-IoT business innovation, industry development, interoperability testing and product compatibility verification. ZTE and China Mobile completed the technical verification demonstration of NB-IoT protocol in the laboratory of China Mobile’s 5G Joint Innovation Center.

　　Can non-operators deploy NB-IoT networks?

　　The answer is no.

　　Does NB-IoT need real-name registration system?

　　All needs, tracked to the responsible subject.

　　Does NB-IoT all adopt eSIM?

　　The product features of NB-IoT are that it can work without installation and configuration, and it can be directly connected to the network by booting, and it supports functions such as automatic equipment registration and air upgrade. SIM card and eSIM will coexist for a long time, and operators refuse the soft SIM mode.

　　What is the operator’s plan to quit the 2G/3G network?

　　China Unicom may gradually close its 2G network in 2018, and in some places it may close its 3G network. Japan’s mobile operators have all shut down 2G networks, and AT&T in the United States, Telstra and Optus in Australia have announced plans to shut down 2G networks. Telenor plans to close its 3G network in Norway in 2020, followed by its 2G network in 2025. Some operators consider that there are more than 100 million GPRS IOT terminals and low-end GSM mobile phones for a long time, and the cost of GSM is lower than that of LTE for a long time because of its low complexity and no patent fees. Therefore, most operators will maintain the GSM frequency band to continue their operations for a long time.

　　Do operators support NB-IoT roaming?

　　The answer is no.

　　How can operators ensure the stability of NB-IoT network?

　　NB-IoT is directly deployed in GSM, UMTS or LTE networks, which can be reused with existing network base stations to reduce deployment costs and achieve smooth upgrade. However, the use of a separate 180KHz frequency band does not occupy the voice and data bandwidth of existing networks, ensuring that traditional services and future Internet of Things services can be carried out stably and reliably at the same time.

　　The control and bearer of NB-IoT are separated, with signaling on the control plane and data on the bearer plane. If it is a low-rate service, it goes directly to the control plane, and no dedicated bearer is established, which omits the signaling process of establishing a link between NAS and the core network and shortens the wake-up recovery delay. NB-IoT is an operational telecommunications network. This is the key to distinguish NB-IoT from GPRS, LoRa, SigFox and other technologies.

　　How can operators make use of NB-IoT network to make profits?

　　Operators’ existing areas such as QoS service quality assurance, network security, telecom-level billing and big data services continue to maintain their industry advantages. NB-IoT network allows operators to strengthen their business service capabilities in the field of Internet of Things, including cloud service provision, mass customer management, real-name authentication of Internet of Things, system general contracting integration, and high-end customized services for large customers.

　　Price issues related to NB-IoT?

　　Operator’s charges: one is based on flow and the other is based on message, and the trend will be lower than the price of GPRS cost chip: lower than the price of 2G main chip, with a reasonable expected price of $1. Module price: lower than the price of GPRS module, with a reasonable expected price of $2. Terminal price: pricing maintenance cost according to actual function: far lower than the existing network maintenance cost subsidy policy: operators will provide larger operating subsidies in the early stage.

　　2. List of questions and answers about NB-IoT technology.

　　Will NB-IoT standard support TDD LTE?

　　At present, FDD LTE system supports NB-IoT technology, while TDD LTE system does not support NB-IoT technology. The physical layer design of NB-IoT mostly follows LTE system technology, such as SC-FDMA for uplink and OFDM for downlink. The design of high-level protocol follows LTE protocol, and its function is enhanced according to its small data packet, low power consumption and large connection characteristics. The core network is connected based on S1 interface, which supports independent deployment and upgrade deployment.

　　Does NB-IoT support base station positioning?

　　R13 does not support base station location, but the operator network can do private solutions, such as location based on cell ID, which will not affect the terminal, and only need the network to increase the location server and contact with the base station. R14 plans to enhance positioning, supporting E-CID, UTDOA or OTDOA, and the operator’s desired positioning accuracy target is within 50 meters.

　　Considering the terminal complexity, UTDOA is better, because it has little influence on the terminal, and in the case of enhanced coverage (basement 164dB), UTDOA (uplink) power consumption is lower; If coverage enhancement is not needed in most scenarios, OTDOA (downlink) will be better from the perspective of network capacity.

　　What are the deployment methods of NB-IoT?

　　NB-IoT supports three different deployment modes, namely independent deployment, guard band deployment and in-band deployment. Independent deployment: A separate frequency band can be used, which is suitable for re-cultivation in GSM frequency band. Guard band deployment: The marginal useless frequency band in LTE system can be utilized. In-band deployment: Any resource block in the middle of LTE carrier can be utilized.

　　What modulation and demodulation technology does NB-IoT use?

　　OFDMA is used for downlink, and the subcarrier spacing is 15kHz. The uplink adopts SC-FDMA, single-tone: 3.75kHz/15kHz, and multi-tone: 15kHz. Only need to support half duplex, with a separate synchronization signal. The terminal supports the indication of Single-tone and Multi-tone capabilities. The MAC/RLC/PDCP/RRC layer processing is based on the existing LTE processes and protocols, and the physical layer is optimized.

　　What are the number of connected users and active users of NB-IoT base station?

　　NB-IoT has 50-100 times the uplink capacity improvement compared with 2G/3G/4G, and NB-IoT can provide 50-100 times the access number compared with the existing wireless technology under the same base station. Under the frequency of 200KHz, according to the simulation test data, a single base station cell can support 50,000 NB-IoT terminals to access.

　　What is the coverage of NB-IoT base station?

　　NB-IoT has a gain of 20dB higher than that of LTE and GPRS base stations, and it is expected to cover underground garages, basements, underground pipelines and other places where signals are difficult to reach. According to the simulation test data, in the independent deployment mode, the coverage capacity of NB-IoT can reach 164dB, and the in-band deployment and guard band deployment need to be simulated and tested.

　　What is the uplink and downlink transmission rate of NB-IoT?

　　NB-IoT RF bandwidth is 200kHz. Downlink rate: greater than 160kbps and less than 250kbps. Uplink rate: greater than 160kbps and less than 250 kbps (multi-tone)/200 kbps (single-tone).

　　Does NB-IoT support retransmission mechanism?

　　NB-IoT adopts retransmission (up to 200 times) and low-order modulation to enhance coverage.

　　Does NB-IoT support voice?

　　NB-IoT supports Push to Talk without coverage enhancement. In the scenario of enhanced coverage of 20dB, only similar voicemails can be supported. NB-IoT does not support VoLTE, which requires too high delay, and the high-level protocol stack needs QoS guarantee, which will increase the cost.

　　Why does the chip of NB-IoT consume low power?

　　The energy consumed by a device is related to the amount or rate of data, and the size of data packets sent per unit time determines the size of power consumption. NB-IoT introduces eDRX power saving technology and PSM power saving mode, which further reduces power consumption and prolongs battery life. NB-IoT can keep devices online all the time, but it can save power by reducing unnecessary signaling and not accepting paging information when in PSM state.

　　In PSM mode, the terminal is still registered in the network, but the signaling is unreachable, which makes the terminal stay in deep sleep for a longer time to save electricity. EDRX power saving technology further prolongs the sleep period of the terminal in idle mode, reduces unnecessary startup of the receiving unit, and greatly improves the downlink accessibility compared with PSM.

　　Does NB-IoT sleep wake-up mode affect battery life?

　　At present, the working time given by NB-IoT is based on simulation data, without considering the battery itself and environmental factors, such as self-discharge and aging of the battery, high and low temperature environmental impact, etc. In actual use, it is necessary to comprehensively evaluate the power supply time of the battery according to the actual situation. NB-IoT adopts the power-saving scheme of sleep wake-up. When the battery is awakened during sleep, it will receive instantaneous strong current, which will greatly affect the battery life. The application of meter reading usually adopts lithium thionyl chloride (Li/SOCl2) battery and super capacitor. Consumer electronics and others should be powered by li-polymer.

　　Why are NB-IoT chips cheap?

　　Low speed, low power consumption and low bandwidth bring low cost advantages. Low speed: it means that no large cache is needed, so the cache can be small and the DSP configuration is low; Low power consumption: it means that RF design requirements are low, and small PA can be realized; Low bandwidth: It means that there is no need for complicated equalization algorithm … These factors make the NB-IoT chip small, so the cost will be reduced.

　　Taking a certain chip as an example, NB-IoT chip integrates BB, AP, Flash and battery management, and reserves the function of sensor set. The AP includes three ARM-M0 cores, and each M0 core is responsible for the application, security and communication functions respectively, which facilitates the function management and reduces the cost and power consumption.

　　What is the range of NB-IoT to the device movement rate?

　　NB-IoT is suitable for application scenarios with weak mobility support (such as intelligent meter reading, intelligent parking, etc.), while simplifying the complexity of the terminal and reducing the power consumption of the terminal. NB-IoT does not support mobility management in connected state, including related measurement, measurement report, handover, etc.

　　What is the network delay of NB-IoT?

　　NB-IoT allows a delay of about 10s, but it can support a lower delay, such as about 6s, in the environment of maximum coupling loss.

　　3. Deployment of NB-IoT technology in various vertical application fields of the Internet of Things.

　　What is the deployment cost of NB-IoT vertical application?

　　The deployment cost of NB-IoT vertical application field includes hardware cost, network cost, installation cost and service cost. If we want to realize the scale of application field, we must reduce the deployment cost.

　　What is the focus of NB-IoT in vertical application field?

　　NB-IoT technology can meet the requirements of low-rate services with low power consumption, long standby, deep coverage and large capacity, and is more suitable for static services, low sensitivity to time delay, discontinuous movement and real-time data transmission. 1. Autonomous anomaly reporting business types: such as smoke alarm detectors, abnormal equipment operation, etc. The uplink data volume is extremely small (on the order of ten bytes), and the cycle is mostly in years and months. 2. Business types of autonomous periodic reporting: such as remote meter reading of public utilities and environmental monitoring, etc. The uplink data volume is small (on the order of 100 bytes), and the cycle is mostly in days and hours. 3. Service type of remote control instruction:

　　For example, if the equipment is turned on/off remotely, and the equipment triggers to send an uplink report, the downlink data amount is very small (on the order of ten bytes), and the cycle is mostly in days and hours. 4. Software remote update service type: such as software patch/update, and the uplink and downlink need a large amount of data (kilobyte level), and the cycle is mostly in days and hours.

　　With the increasing popularity of digital communication, the article “target=”_blank” > privacy and data security “target=”_blank” > data security is particularly important. For users who use the article “target=”_blank” > telegram, how to retrieve the information and privacy in the account after the account is deleted is particularly critical. The following are some effective methods and measures.Today, people are interested in telegram中文 There are also many dependencies, and the expectations for products are getting higher and higher. https://cytafex.com/

　　Related questions:

　　After deleting the cable account, I can resume the article “target=”_blank” > resume?

　　How to ensure the security of information when deleting an account?

　　What is the impact on privacy after deleting the telegraph account?

　　On the possibility of recovery of telegraph account

　　When users unfortunately delete their telegraph accounts, they may be worried about whether they can retrieve the previously stored information. The telegraph account will be retained within 59 days after deletion, during which the user can choose to restore it.

　　1.1 Understand the impact of account deletion

　　After deleting the account, the user’s chat history with others, group membership and personal data will be deleted. Although the telegram will retain some data of the account after deletion, the data will not be completely cleared before the account is officially deleted.

　　1.2 conditions for recovery

　　Within 59 days, if users want to restore their accounts, they need to re-use their previous mobile phone numbers to log in. After logging in, the system will prompt the user whether to restore the previous data. This process requires the mobile phone to receive SMS verification code many times to ensure the authenticity of the identity.

　　1.3 Precautions

　　When choosing to restore the deleted account, users will back up important chat records and materials for emergencies. Users can also use the Chinese version of the telegram to obtain convenient information. For more official support and information about telegrams, please visit some online platforms for the latest developments and guidance.

　　Measures to ensure information security

　　In order to protect the privacy and safety of users, it is necessary to take preventive measures. The following are some effective measures to avoid data leakage.

　　2.1 Use strong passwords

　　When registering a telegraph account, make sure to set a complex and unique password, which not only helps to protect the account, but also reduces the risk of being cracked. Using password management tools to help remember multiple passwords is a preferred solution.

　　2.2 Open two-step verification

　　To achieve account security, you can enable two-step verification. When users log in for the first time, they need to enter not only the password, but also the verification code sent to their registration number. This further strengthens the protection of accounts, especially in the case of lost equipment.

　　2.3 Check privacy settings regularly.

　　Users should always check their privacy settings to ensure the security of account information. For example, restricting strangers’ access to personal data and chat records can effectively protect users’ information on telegrams.

　　Privacy impact after account deletion

　　If the user chooses to delete his telegraph account, the privacy will be obviously affected.

　　3.1 Loss of privacy rights

　　Deleting the account will make it impossible for users to access their information on the platform, including messages, photos and any shared files. It is very important to note this.

　　3.2 Limitations of data cleaning

　　Although the telegram will retain some data after the user deletes the account, some chat records and information may still appear on the receiver’s device. Therefore, completely deleting information does not mean that information is deleted on all devices.

　　3.3 Users should bear their own risks.

　　Before deleting the account, the user stores important information by himself. Some application downloads and third-party applications can be used to back up these materials so that they can be restored when needed.

　　step

　　Through the above measures, users can better understand the deletion process and information recovery strategy of telegraph accounts. Being vigilant and taking appropriate security measures can effectively protect users’ privacy. For more information about telegrams, you can visit the relevant websites at any time.

　　When deleting the telegraph account, users should consider the possibility of subsequent recovery and privacy risks. Taking necessary precautions, setting a strong password and starting two-step verification are important steps to ensure security. At the same time, check the privacy settings regularly to prevent unknown risks. Users can learn more about the details and help in this process by using the Chinese version of the telegram and accessing relevant materials. It is believed that through this information, users can make full use of the functions and conveniences of telegrams while maintaining communication security.

　　Flat fiber ribbon cables, particularly those with 4 to 12 fibers, are crucial for high-performance data transmission in various applications. However, like any electronic component, they can encounter issues that affect performance. At Kecheng, we understand the complexities of fiber optic systems and are here to provide expert advice on troubleshooting common problems with flat fiber ribbon cables.Through bit by bit efforts, let network cable Our market share is getting higher and higher, and the return on investment is also rising steadily. https://kechengdg.com/

　　4 – 12 fibers cable

　　1. No Signal Transmission

　　Problem: If the flat fiber ribbon cable is not transmitting signals, it could be due to several factors such as poor connections or damage.

　　Solution:

　　Check Fiber Connections: Ensure that all fiber connectors are properly seated and secured. Loose or improperly connected fibers can lead to signal loss.

　　Inspect Fiber Ends: Examine the ends of the fiber cables for damage or contamination. Clean the fiber ends using a lint-free cloth and optical cleaning solution if necessary.

　　Verify Signal Path: Use an optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) to check for breaks or faults in the fiber path. An OTDR can help identify the location and severity of any signal loss.

　　2. Signal Degradation

　　Problem: Signal degradation can manifest as reduced performance or errors in data transmission, which might be caused by various factors.

　　Solution:

　　Evaluate Fiber Bend Radius: Ensure that the cable is not bent beyond its minimum bend radius. Excessive bending can cause signal loss and degradation.

　　Inspect for Physical Damage: Check the cable for any signs of physical damage, such as kinks, cuts, or abrasions. Damaged fibers should be replaced to restore optimal performance.

　　Test Fiber Splices: If the ribbon cable has splices, verify that they are properly executed and have minimal splice loss. Poor splicing can lead to increased attenuation and signal degradation.

　　3. Connectivity Issues

　　Problem: Connectivity issues can occur if the ribbon cable is not properly connected or if there are compatibility issues with connectors.

　　Solution:

　　Check Connector Compatibility: Ensure that the connectors used are compatible with the fiber ribbon cable and the equipment. Mismatched connectors can cause connectivity problems.

　　Inspect Connectors for Damage: Examine connectors for any visible signs of damage, such as cracks or bent pins. Replace damaged connectors as needed.

　　Verify Polarity: Confirm that the connectors are correctly aligned and that the polarity matches between the cable and the equipment.

　　4. High Insertion Loss

　　Problem: High insertion loss can affect the efficiency of signal transmission, and it may be caused by improper connections or damaged fibers.

　　Solution:

　　Measure Insertion Loss: Use an optical power meter and light source to measure insertion loss. Compare the measured values to the specifications provided by the manufacturer.

　　Check for Fiber Cleanliness: Ensure that the fiber ends are clean and free from dust or debris. Use appropriate cleaning tools to maintain fiber cleanliness.

　　Inspect Fiber Quality: Verify that the fiber ribbon cable meets the required specifications for insertion loss. Poor quality or damaged fibers can lead to increased loss.

　　5. Crosstalk and Interference

　　Problem: Crosstalk or interference can occur if the fibers are not properly shielded or if there is electromagnetic interference (EMI) in the environment.

　　Solution:

　　Ensure Proper Shielding: Check that the fiber ribbon cable is properly shielded to protect against external interference. Use shielded cables if necessary.

　　Minimize EMI Exposure: Position the cable away from sources of electromagnetic interference, such as power lines or electronic equipment.

　　Check for Crosstalk: Use appropriate testing equipment to detect crosstalk between fibers. Ensure that the fibers are correctly isolated to prevent interference.

　　6. Installation Issues

　　Problem: Improper installation of the fiber ribbon cable can lead to various issues, including performance degradation and physical damage.

　　Solution:

　　Follow Installation Guidelines: Adhere to the manufacturer’s installation guidelines and best practices for handling and routing the fiber ribbon cable.

　　Avoid Excessive Tension: Ensure that the cable is not subjected to excessive tension during installation. Use proper cable management techniques to prevent stress on the fibers.

　　Secure Cable Properly: Use cable ties or other securing methods to keep the fiber ribbon cable in place and avoid movement that could lead to damage.

　　7. Environmental Factors

　　Problem: Environmental conditions such as temperature fluctuations or humidity can affect the performance of fiber ribbon cables.

　　Solution:

　　Maintain Optimal Environment: Ensure that the installation environment is within the recommended temperature and humidity ranges specified by the manufacturer.

　　Protect from Harsh Conditions: Use protective enclosures or conduits to shield the fiber ribbon cable from extreme temperatures, moisture, or physical damage.

　　8. Consult Documentation and Resources

　　Problem: Troubleshooting may be challenging without access to detailed information.

　　Solution:

　　Review Technical Documentation: Consult the technical datasheet and installation guide for the fiber ribbon cable. These documents provide valuable information on specifications, installation procedures, and troubleshooting tips.

　　Utilize Manufacturer Resources: Reach out to the manufacturer for additional support or to access troubleshooting resources such as application notes or technical support teams.

　　9. Seek Professional Assistance

　　Problem: If troubleshooting steps do not resolve the issue, professional help may be required.

　　Solution:

　　Contact Technical Support: Reach out to the manufacturer¨s technical support team for expert assistance. They can provide guidance and help diagnose complex issues.

　　Engage with Industry Experts: Consult with industry experts or experienced technicians who can offer valuable insights and solutions based on their expertise.

　　Conclusion

　　Troubleshooting issues with 4 to 12 fibers flat fiber ribbon cables requires a systematic approach to diagnosing and resolving common problems. By checking connections, inspecting for physical damage, and addressing environmental factors, you can effectively resolve most issues. If needed, consult documentation or seek professional assistance to ensure optimal performance.

　　At Kecheng, we are committed to supporting you with expert advice and solutions for your fiber optic needs. For further support or questions, don¨t hesitate to reach out to our knowledgeable team. Happy troubleshooting!